The code refers to a specific document identifier used within the United Nations International Law Commission (ILC) archives for the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts .
💡 : While technically "draft" articles, they are widely viewed by the International Court of Justice and other tribunals as reflecting customary international law , making them binding on all states regardless of a formal treaty. 19155mp4
: Even if an official acts outside their orders, the State can still be held liable if they acted in an official capacity. 2. Circumstances Precluding Wrongfulness A State may be excused from responsibility if the act was: The code refers to a specific document identifier
Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (2001) such as the legislature or judiciary.
: This includes actions by its government organs, such as the legislature or judiciary.