: While some data suggests smuggling and drug trafficking are separate businesses, a significant percentage of smugglers are either forced into or voluntarily work for organized crime , which can lead to the kidnapping and exploitation of migrants.
Coyotaje operates as a complex network that has evolved from small-scale local arrangements into a multi-layered, technologically savvy business. Coyotaje
: Authors like Javier Zamora use the motif of "Looking at a Coyote" to explore the harsh realities and emotional toll of the migration journey, often mimicking the rhythm of footsteps in their writing to evoke the physical act of crossing. : While some data suggests smuggling and drug
: Migrants often pay significant fees for these services, with transactions frequently finalized through encrypted messaging apps like WhatsApp. Coyotaje
