: Tracks heart rate and rhythm for signs of ischemia.

The standard anaesthetic workstation is built around several critical systems that manage gas from the source to the patient's lungs.

According to ScienceDirect , the "Big Five" essential monitors are:

: Provides a high-flow (35–75 L/min) burst of pure oxygen directly to the common gas outlet in emergencies.

Beyond the machine, specific equipment is required to secure the patient's airway and administer the gases safely.

: A mechanical or electronic link that prevents delivering a gas mixture with less than 25% oxygen.

: A system of tubes and valves—like the Mapleson or Circle systems—that delivers gases and removes exhaled carbon dioxide ( CO2cap C cap O sub 2

: Automatically cuts off the flow of nitrous oxide if the oxygen supply pressure drops.