To keep the shop running and growing, you had to buy a brand-new, high-end pastry display case for . This is a capital expenditure (Capex). That cash is gone, so you must subtract it [4, 5]. Running Total: $90,000 4. Day-to-Day Operations: Working Capital
Your [1, 2]. Even though your paper profit (Net Income) was $100,000, $75,000 is the actual amount of pure cash left over that you can safely withdraw to pay yourself a dividend or buy a personal car without hurting the coffee shop's operations [2, 4]. FCFE.zip
However, the bank gave you a new mini-loan of to help buy the pastry case (cash entering your pocket). To keep the shop running and growing, you
You paid off of the loan's principal this year (cash leaving your pocket). Running Total: $90,000 4
You also realized you needed to keep more milk, cups, and pastries in stock to meet demand, which tied up an extra of your cash in inventory (Working Capital). Because that cash is trapped in the business, you subtract it [1, 4]. Running Total: $85,000 5. The Debt Factor: Net Borrowing Finally, you have a bank loan for the business.