The - Chemistry Of Synthetic Dyes. Reactive Dyes

Excellent, because the dye is chemically locked to the fibre.

Typical of dyes (like Remazol). In an alkaline bath, the dye undergoes an elimination reaction to form a vinyl sulfone group, which then adds across the fiber's functional groups. Result: A highly durable covalent linkage. ⚡ Key Properties

The dye attaches to the fibre through a chemical reaction triggered by alkaline conditions (high pH). There are two main types of reaction mechanisms: 1. Nucleophilic Substitution The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes. Reactive Dyes

The chemistry of reactive dyes centers on their unique ability to form a permanent covalent bond with the substrate, typically cellulose (cotton) or protein fibres (wool/silk). Unlike other dyes that simply "sit" on or inside the fibre, reactive dyes become a chemical part of the fibre itself. 🧪 Chemical Structure Reactive dyes consist of four primary components:

Links the chromophore to the reactive system. ⚗️ The Reaction Mechanism Excellent, because the dye is chemically locked to the fibre

Known for incredibly vivid and brilliant shades.

A major challenge where the dye reacts with water instead of the fibre, creating "spent" dye that must be washed away. Result: A highly durable covalent linkage

The part that provides color (usually azo, anthraquinone, or phthalocyanine groups). Solubilising Group: Often sulfonic acid salts ( SO3Nacap S cap O sub 3 cap N a ) that make the dye water-soluble.