Uchebnik 8 Klassa Kosulina Konspekt 14 Paragrafa -

Highest tier, allowed to conduct foreign trade and exempt from corporal punishment. 2nd/3rd Guilds: Focused on domestic and local trade.

The beginning of the 19th century saw a slow transition. While the estate system remained rigid, the under Alexander I was a first, though small, step toward allowing serfs to buy their freedom, signaling that the old social order was beginning to crack. uchebnik 8 klassa kosulina konspekt 14 paragrafa

The nobility ( dvoryanstvo ) was the "support of the throne" and the only group allowed to own inhabited land (serfs). Highest tier, allowed to conduct foreign trade and

They were exempt from the "poll tax" ( podushnaya podat ) and military recruitment. 2. The Nobility (The Ruling Class) uchebnik 8 klassa kosulina konspekt 14 paragrafa

The merchant class was divided into three based on their wealth: