: After the chaos of the revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power, spreading the Napoleonic Code across Europe. Though he was eventually defeated at the Battle of Waterloo (1815), the ideas of civil equality and nationalism could not be erased.
The story begins with the echo of the , which shattered the "Old Order" of absolute monarchs.
: This period saw the unification of major nations that would dominate the 20th century: the Unification of Germany under Otto von Bismarck and the Risorgimento (unification) of Italy. 4. The Global Reach: Imperialism and Conflict (Late 1800s) vsemirnaia istoriia novorgo vremeni reshebnik 9 klassa
: A new class of workers (the proletariat) emerged, leading to the birth of labor movements and new ideologies like Marxism (the Communist Manifesto was published in 1848). 3. The "Spring of Nations" and Unification (1848–1871)
: A wave of uprisings known as the "Spring of Nations" swept across Europe as people demanded democratic reforms and national independence. : After the chaos of the revolution, Napoleon
The 9th-grade curriculum tells the story of how the world transitioned from traditional agricultural empires to modern industrial nations through three major forces: , Liberalism , and Imperialism . 1. The Era of Revolutions and Napoleon (1789–1815)
The middle of the century is defined by the , which began in Great Britain and spread globally. : This period saw the unification of major
: European monarchs met in 1815 to restore old borders, but the "genie" of revolution was already out of the bottle. 2. The Industrial Revolution: Steam and Iron (1800s)